ring oscillator research papers







Low phase noise CMOS ring oscillator VCOs for frequency synthesis
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ABSTRACT We propose a methodology that uses a new phase noise model to trade-off phase noise and power dissipation in the design of ring oscillators suitable for frequency synthesis. We compare the theoretical phase noise performance of three buffer stages using 

A ring oscillator based variation test chip
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ABSTRACT Process variation is becoming an increasingly important factor in the design of highyielding and high-performance integrated circuits. Because the precise knowledge of variation is becoming even more an integral part of the design process as technology 

Ring oscillator sensitivity to spatial process variation
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 Ring Oscillator Sensitivity to Spatial Process Variation Mark Hatzilambrou, AR Neureuther, and CJ Spanos  of ring oscillator frequency. q Correlation between the spatially deterministic Poly CD variation and ring oscillator frequency variation is investigated. 

Ring oscillator using an RTD-HBT heterostructure
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We report the first ring oscillator design using a Resonant Tunneling Diode-Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (RTD-HBT) heterostructure for high-speed and low-power applications. The ring oscillator consists of three-stage RTD-HBT inverters using 2× 5 µm2 HBT 

The Dye Quartz Ring Oscillator as a Standard of Frequency and Time
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results are therefore discussed quantitatively in terms of Langevin's theory of attracting elastic spheres and of Hass and Cook's point centres of repulsive and attractive force. The 

Supersymmetry and shape invariance of Hartmann potential and ring-shaped oscillatorpotential in the r and ? dimensions of spherical polar coordinates
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ABSTRACT This article shows that in spherical polar coordinates, some noncentral separable potentials have supersymmetry and shape invariance in the r and ? dimensions, we choose Hartmann potential and ring-shaped oscillator as two important examples, thus in 

Ring oscillator circuit based on ZnO thin-film transistors fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering
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ZnO has attracted great interest in display electronics, specifically, thin-film transistors (TFTs). Silicon (Si)-based thin-film materials, such as amorphous Si and polycrystalline Si have conventionally been used for the channel layers of TFTs. New emerging functional 

Spatio-temporal dynamics in photorefractive two-wave mixing configurations: The counter-propagating geometry and the unidirectional ring oscillator
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ABSTRACT We investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of two-wave mixing processes in a photorefractive medium, considering two different configurations. In the counterpropagating geometry, above a primary instability threshold we observe the onset of spontaneous 

Single Event Latchup Test Results IBM 5HP CMOS Ring Oscillator
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This study was undertaken to determine the radiation-induced performance degradation characterization of the IBM 5HP CMOS Ring Oscillator (RO) supplied by Auburn University, this work is funded by NASA Electronic parts and packaging Program's Electronics 

Novel temperature independent ring oscillator
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ABSTRACT A novel temperature effect cancellation circuit is presented for ring oscillators. In the proposed circuit, the stages are the same, but the role of the devices is reversed. Experiments show that compared to the last competitive architectures, the proposed circuit 

Low-Phase-Noise, High Switching Speed Digitally Controlled Ring Oscillator in 0.18 m Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
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A phase locked loop is a critical component as it generates stable and fine timing accuracy output signal that is required in high frequency applications such as microprocessors and transceivers. A ring type oscillator, a crucial part of phase locked loop, is becoming 

Nonlinear feedback system for an inverter-based ring oscillator
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ABSTRACT In integrated circuits, ring oscillator (RO) has many applications. In these applications, how to obtain the accurate oscillation frequency is an important issue for the design. In this paper, we explore the feedback problem of a N-stage ring oscillator. This 

2.4–10 GHz low-noise injection-locked ring voltage controlled oscillator in 90 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor
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A wide-frequency-range low-phase-noise voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with subharmonic injection locking is proposed and an implementation in 90nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is demonstrated. The result is a combination of the 

Design of a Tunable CML-based Differential Ring Oscillator with Short Start-Up and Switching Transients
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ABSTRACT In this work, an improved Current-Mode-Logic-based (CML) ring oscillator is designed for use in an on-chip Vernier-based Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) that could be used to measure timing specifications of high-speed signals, such as period and jitter, in 

Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Oscillator Strengths for Condensed RingCompounds
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The electronic absorption spectra of eighteen aromatic condensed ring compounds (C2v or D2h) were studied by means of comparison between the calculated and experimental results in terms of three fundamental factors: the electronic transition energy, the direction 

Resistive Feedback Influence on Ring Oscillator Performance for IR-UWB Pulse Generator in 0.13 µm CMOS technology
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ABSTRACT A CMOS standard three-stage ring oscillator is examined in UMC 0.13 µm technologies. As the ring oscillator is a part of IR-UWB (Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band) pulse generator, its oscillating frequency determines the central frequency of the pulse 

Tuning Analysis of a CMOS Current Controlled Ring Oscillator
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ABSTRACT A ring oscillator using 3 stages of a NMOS driving a current load and a capacitor is described. Its frequency can be shown to increase monotonically with the load current giving rise to the name current controlled oscillator (CCO). An accurate derivation of the 

A CMOS Ring Oscillator VCO with Quadrature Outputs and High-Tuning Range
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ABSTRACT This paper presents the design of a new four-stage ring oscillator with quadrature outputs using a 0.13 µm CMOS 1P8M technology. The oscillator utilizes feed-forward technique and negative resistance to reduce the delay per stage and provides high 

Ring oscillator Primer
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JP Silver ,online] www. odyseus. nildram. co. uk/RFIC_Circuits/ ,odyseus.nildram.co.uk 1ABSTRACT This tutorial describes the operation of a basic ring oscillator as used in RFIC circuits etc. The pertinent design parameters are given together with their relevant equations to allow basic 'hand'calculations before simulation is attempted. Finally a worked example 

High-frequency organic complementary ring oscillator operating up to 200 kHz
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Organic complementary circuits consisting of bottom-contact p-channel pentacene and n- channel C60 thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated to evaluate their dynamic properties. Modified drain and source electrodes were used to balance the threshold 

Novel power supply independent ring oscillator
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ABSTRACT A novel power supply independent architecture is proposed for ring oscillators. The proposed architecture exploits the advantages of the state-of-arts like isolation and self- biasing techniques. In the proposed architecture the stages of oscillator are not the same 

Analysis of Within-Die Complementary Metal--Oxide--Semiconductor Process Variation with Reconfigurable Ring Oscillator Arrays Using HiSIM
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Process-related variations are becoming a major concern for complementary metal–oxide– semiconductor (CMOS) technologies as the transistor size is scaled down. Hence, it is necessary to characterize the within-die (WID) and die-to-die (D2D) variations to establish 

Investigation of single cell delay and delay mismatch in ring oscillator based test structure
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ABSTRACT In previous work, we presented a test structure based on ring oscillator (RO) to measure single cell delay and delay mismatch, which can provide reliable information on intra-die and inter-die parameter variations. A delay cell of the configurable RO in the test 

Embedded monitoring of robustness used for ring oscillator based trngs implemented in fpga
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ABSTRACT In this paper we present an embedded method for monitoring the properties of randomness sources used to generate random bit sequences used for cryptographical purposes, namely the timing jitter in ring oscillators. The method is based on the 

Theory of nonlinear stationary states of a ring parametric oscillator
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Three-dimensional nonlinear steady states of wave fields in a ring parametric stimulated- Brillouin-scattering oscillator are found. A classification is given of nonlinear oscillator modes and a study is reported of the stability of the fundamental mode. It is shown that the 

Novel oscillator Incorperating a compact Microstrip Ring Type Resonant cell with High Efficiency and Superior Harmonic Characteristics
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel microwave oscillator incorporating a simple microstrip ring type resonant cell as its terminating resonance component. Reduced chip size, higher dc-ac power efficiency, superior harmonic characteristics can be achieved from the 

Ring Oscillator PUF Design and Results
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A Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a function in some physical device that is easy to evaluate but hard to predict. In many ways it is the hardware equivalent of a mathematical one-way function. Every challenge should map to a specific response, but this mapping 

Re-Useable CMOS 1GHz Phase Locked Loop Cell with Ring Oscillator Tuning
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PH Saul, DO King, RA Noble ,lirmm.fr The cell occupies 145 micrometers by 98 micrometers, 0.014 square millimeters, including loop compensation capacitor and VCO. The design was realized on a foundry 0.35 micrometer generation process. Most sub-cells were autoplaced and auto-routed, with 

RING OSCILLATOR CONTROLLED ASYNCHRONOUS CHARGE-PUMP FOR LOW POWER RENEWABLE APPLICATIONS IN COMPUTING PLATFORMS
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A Muhtaroglu, AV Jouanne, A Yokochi ,Pulse ,cap.ee.ic.ac.uk ABSTRACT The success of integrated renewable energy sources in mobile computing systems highly depends on low cost, low area, and efficient power conversion schemes. Various boost implementations have thus been analyzed in this work for suitability to the 

Low Power Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator Design with Substrate Biasing
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ABSTRACT In the present work, improved designs for voltage controlled ring oscillators (VCO) with reverse body bias technique have been presented. In the proposed designs, output frequencies of VCOs have been controlled by varying the reverse bias voltage with 

A Monolithic High-Speed Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator
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R Walker ,omnisterra.com ABSTRACT A new topology for a monolithic VCO is presented. A 3 element ring oscillator is merged with a 5 element ring oscillator by using a linear combining circuit. By adjusting the control voltage, the oscillation frequency can be varied from 1/(2× 3× Tgate_delay) to 1/(2 

Chaotic Circuit Using a Ring Oscillator and a van der Pol Oscillator
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Y Hosokawa, Y Nishio , Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its ,nlab.ee.tokushima-u.ac.jp ABSTRACT In this study, we propose a chaotic circuit using a ring oscillator and a van der Pol oscillator. The structure of this circuit is very simple. Therefore, IC implementation of this circuit is not so difficult. The exact solution and its Poincar map are derived and the 

Ring Oscillator Based CMOS Temperature Sensor Design
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S Suman, BP Singh ABSTRACT This paper presents the ring oscillator based temperature sensor. The method is highly area efficient, simple and easy for IC implementation as compared to traditional temperature sensors. The proposed temperature sensor was fabricated using 0.35 µm 

Decreasing of Frequency Variation in High-Speed Ring Oscillator using Bandgap Reference
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V Melikyan, A Balabanyan, E Babayan, A Durgaryan ,journals.kpi.ua ABSTRACT –Techniques for decreasing of high-speed ring oscillator frequency variation are presented. Power supply is responsible for most of external noise and circuit parameters variation; hence its compensation can substantially stabilize the circuit. In the first case the 

DESIGN OF RING OSCILLATOR USING CS-CMOS FOR MIXED SIGNAL SOCS
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V KUMAR, RS GAMAD ,academia.edu ABSTRACT This paper reports design of a ring oscillator using CS-COMS low noise logic family for mixed signal SOCs. Design has been implemented using 180nm technology with 1.8 V supply voltage using CS-CMOS logic. CS-CMOS logic efficiently reduce switching 

Design of Temperature Sensor Using Ring Oscillator
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S Suman, BP Singh ABSTRACT This paper presents the design of a low cost temperature sensor based on ring oscillator. It exploits the frequency of the ring oscillator that is proportional to temperature which is displayed in the form of a digital output. The proposed CMOS temperature sensor 

A CMOS CURRENT CONTROLLED RING OSCILLATOR WITH WIDE AND LINEAR TUNING RANGE
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E Leelarasmee ,seed-net.org ABSTRACT A new CMOS current controlled ring oscillator is investigated. It is based on a 3 stage ring oscillator. Each stage uses a simple NMOS for switching a current source to charge a capacitor and discharging it thereby generating a ramp output. Its oscillation .

10 GHz Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator for High Speed Application in 130nm CMOS Technology
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ABSTRACT This paper is presented 10 GHz voltage controlled ring oscillator for high speed application. The voltage controlled ring oscillator was designed and fabricated in 0.13 µm CMOS technology. The oscillator is 7-stages ring oscillator with one inverter replaced by 

Design of a Multi-Bit Ring Oscillator Based Quantizer for Low-Power Delta-Sigma ADCs
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Traditional scaling in digital CMOS technology has led to ever shrinking transistor sizes, following Moore's prediction for many decades. Due to increasing effects of non-idealities in such scaled technologies, the analog designers usually prefer to use older technology 

Simulation of a ring oscillator with CMOS Inverters
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Electrical oscillators are used within all kinds of electronic systems in the information, communication and sensor technology fields,[5]. For example in radio frequency (RF) communication systems, they are used for frequency translation of information signals and 

Analysis of Total Ionizing Dose Effects on 0.13 µm Technology Ring Oscillator and Voltage References
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TH Botha, D Colomboa, GI Wirtha ,werice2012.ieav.cta.br  1. Motivation 2. Basic Concepts a) Total Ionizing Dose Effects b) Ring Oscillator c) Voltage References 3. Proposed Irradiation Tests 4. Next Steps 5. Conclusions  Page 8. Basic Concepts The Ring Oscillator  Composed of an odd number of inverter stages (usually, at least 5); 

NEW METHOD OF RANDOMNESS EXTRACTION BASED ON A MODIFIED RING OSCILLATORFOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC TRNGS EMBEDDED IN FPGAS
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M Varchola ,varchola.com Random Number Generators (RNGs) play a crucial role in modern cryptographic systems. Random sequences are used as session keys, signature parameters, ephemeral keys, challenges and in zero knowledge protocols in underlying cryptographic algorithms  

Ring-Oscillator Based Temperature Sensor for Deep Submicron CMOS Technologies
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HE ULSI revolution has allowed progress to such an extent that more than 109 transistors are now fabricated on a single chip. Increases in circuit density and clock speed produce an increase in power consumption that have brought thermal issues into the spotlight of VLSI 

A 2.45 GHz Low Phase-Noise CMOS Ring Oscillator
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VC de Beaupr, L Zaid, W Rahajandraibe, G Bas ,lirmm.fr ABSTRACT A 2.45 GHz CMOS ring oscillator (VCO) with phase-noise lower than-90dBc/Hz at 500kHz frequency offset is reported in this paper. Implemented on 0.28 µm CMOS technology, the circuit occupies only 35µm× 35µm with a power consumption of 19mW. 

Low-Voltage and High-Speed Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator with Widely Tuning Range in 0.18 µm CMOS
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YS Tiao, ML Sheu, LJ Tsao ,rnd.ncnu.edu.tw The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the most critical component in phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits. Typically, the VCO is built using a ring oscillator or LC resonator in CMOS process. Although the LC resonator has better noise performance and higher operation 

Electromagnetic Attacks on Ring Oscillator-Based True Random Number Generator
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Electromagnetic Attacks on Ring Oscillator-Based  1[MM09] " The Frequency Injection Attack on Ring-Oscillator-Based True Random Number Generators" , AT Markettos and SW Moore, Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems 9/38 EM Attacks on TRNG Page 10. 

Novel Oscillator Inco?orating a Microstrip Ring Type PBG Resonator Cell with Enhanced Harmonic Characteristics
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CG Hwang, NH Myimg ,143.248.148.60 Abstwct-? paper presents a novel microwave oscillator incorporating a simple microstrip ring type photonic band gap (PBG) structure as its terminating resonance component. Reduced chip size, higher dc-ac power efficiency, superior harmonic characteristics can 

Injection-locked Ring Oscillator Frequency Dividers
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ABSTRACT In this thesis, we propose a technique that has the potential of reducing the power dissipation of frequency division by up to an order of magnitude compared to conventional digital solutions by exploiting injection-locking in CMOS ring oscillators. Injection locking 

Design and Performance Analysis of Nine Stages CMOS Based Ring Oscillator
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ABSTRACT This paper deals with the design and performance analysis of a ring oscillator using CMOS 45nm technology process in Cadence virtuoso environment. The design of optimal Analog and Mixed Signal (AMS) very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) is a 

A MODIFIED TECHNIQUE OF DIRECT DIGITAL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS USING MULTI FEEDBACK RING OSCILLATOR
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MK Mandal, BC Sarkar ABSTRACT Direct digital frequency synthesizer based on accumulators and phase registers, normally use fixed period clock signals. This results in synthesized signals having instantaneously varying time period. A technique of time period modification of the clock 

Voltage Controlled Differential Ring Oscillator Based on the SCFL Delay Cell
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ABSTRACT This paper describes the simulations performed in order to evaluate expected performance of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on differential ring oscillator with SCFL delay cells in 0.5-µm GaAs MESFET technology. The ring oscillator structures 

Design of Low power, Low Jitter Ring Oscillator Using 50nm CMOS Technology
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N Thakur ABSTRACT A modified ring oscillator presented in this paper. The voltage control oscillator is designed and simulated in 50nm CMOS technology. The frequency of oscillation of the VCO is 2.6 GHz with 0.064 mW power dissipation and the center drain current of 64uA is used. 

Ring-Oscillator-Based Injection-Locked Frequency Divider with Vernier Method
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ABSTRACT Frequency synthesizers are one of the most critical blocks for multi-standard multi- band systems. This paper presents a low power and wide locking range Injection frequency divider. Ring-oscillator-based injection-locked frequency divider has merits of compact 

CMOS 58 CMOS 1C 10-12 CMOS logic circuits 1 16-17 CMOS ring oscillator 7-8, 11-12, 22
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CMOS SRAM 8, 11–13 CMOS technology 115–16, 123–6, 133 SOI thickness 124 collision cascades 24–5, 33 corona discharge 112–13 corona oxide semiconductor measurements 112–13 cost of ownership 132 costs 58, 63, 117, 119–20, 124 CV characteristics 95–8 

1P6M 0.18-µm Low Power CMOS Ring Oscillator for Radio Frequency Applications
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A Raman, RK Sarin ABSTRACT The monograph analysis a low power voltage controlled ring oscillator, implement using the 1P6M 0.18 µm CMOS process provided by TSMC with 1.8 volts power supply. The circuit is a modification of conventional ring oscillator. A tail current improvement is

A large-signal analysis for a ring oscillator with negative skewed delay
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a large signal analysis of ring-type oscillators with negative skewed delay scheme. The analysis yields the frequency increase factor due to negative skewed delay scheme. The large signal analysis is needed, because small signal model 

A ring oscillator of remarkable power supply independent characteristic
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ABSTRACT A highly power supply independent Ring Oscillator architecture is proposed in this paper. The proposed architecture is achieved using the advantages of best previous techniques. Making use of opposite characteristics of the delay cells along with power 

Low Power Current Mode ADC using a Ring Oscillator based Quantizer.
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ABSTRACT Low power ADCs have wide application from battery operated systems like biomedical devices to on chip power measurement. A more digital implementation is also desirable to keep up with the technology scaling in digital CMOS design. This thesis 

Analysis of Randomness Sources in Transition Effect Ring Oscillator based TRNG
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M Drutarovsky, M Varchola ,kemt.fei.tuke.sk ABSTRACT We present a deeper analysis of recently published Transition Effect Ring Oscillator (TERO). TERO is an entropy source suitable for cryptographic True Random Number Generator (TRNG) embedded in FPGAs. We propose new TERO structure with 

Low Frequency Ring Oscillator and Its Use in Non Overlapping Clock Generation
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R Todani, AK Mal, KB Maji ABSTRACT Switched capacitor (SC) techniques have become the default standard for implementing mixed signal blocks in CMOS technologies. Non-overlapping clock (NOC) generator is a key building block for SC circuits, traditionally implemented using inverter 

Calibration of a novel low-cost soil water content sensor based on a ring oscillator
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ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks are becoming more popular to monitor spatial and temporal variability of soil water content. The aim of this paper is to calibrate and test the newly developed SPADE sensor for wireless sensor network applications. During 

A ring oscillator with high temperature independency
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ABSTRACT A novel temperature independent Ring Oscillator is proposed in this paper. In order to accomplish temperature independency, different characteristics of several delay stages are gathered together in one circuit scheme. Using the temperature property of one 

Spatial Analysis of Ring Oscillator Devices
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A Somani, LW Teo, DS Boning ,mirror.mit-ocw.sbu.ac.ir ABSTRACT Spatial dependencies tend to introduce correlations among parameter values obtained from test structures. These spatial correlations obscure the parameter correlations caused by common underlying variables and make process diagnosis more difficult. In 

Ring Oscillator Circuit based on ZnO Thin Film Transistors
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) based thin film transistors (TFTs) are under active research due to their potential application in various display systems. Fabrication processes and electrical characteristics of the ZnO TFTs were studied [1-2] and the reported performances in terms 

Tunable Ring Optical Parametric Oscillator with a Volume Bragg Grating
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2. Experiment The experimental setup is depicted in Fig. 1. The OPO was pumped by a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (New Wave Minilase I), delivering 5 ns pulses at 20 Hz with an M2 of 5. The pump was focused to a radius (1/e2) of 230 µm in the OPO and the pump power 

PHASE-LOCKED SOLUTIONS IN A HUB CONNECTED OSCILLATOR RING NETWORK
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ABSTRACT In this work, we analyze a type of system called the hub connected oscillator ring (HCOR) network. The model consists of 3 sub-rings each coupled to a central hub oscillator with a bi-directional coupling constant, a. When uncoupled from the hub, each 

2.3 A novel frequency-tuning method of a ring-cavity THz-wave parametric oscillator
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ABSTRACT We demonstrate a widely tunable terahertz (THz)-wave parametric oscillator (TPO) in a ringcavity configuration. The TPO consists of a MgO: LiNbO3 crystal for non-collinear phase matching in a three-mirror ring cavity. A novel frequency-tuning method that rotates

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